Nourish Magazine

MODERATE

Processed Meat, Refined Grains, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage, Added Sugar, Trans Fat, Sodium, Saturated Fat

Alcohol intake (*optional), Water, Unsweetened Tea & Coffee

Fruits, Vegetables, Whole grains Nuts, Legumes, Seafood

One another factor that we can control is what we eat. Reduction in excess calories and improvement in dietary composition could prevent many primary and secondary cardiovascular events [16] . Based on detailed evidence, a healthy dietary pattern for individual and population cardiovascular health has been defined as one that is “high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seafood and fatty fish, legumes and nuts; moderate in low-fat and non-fat dietary products; lower in red and processed meat, refined grains and foods and beverages containing added sugars” [17] . Long-term dietary intake assessed through case-controlled food frequency questionnaire-based studies of acute myocardial infarction in a pocket of the Indian population indicated that diets

rich in vegetables and a-linoleic acid-rich oil could contribute to a lower risk of ischemic heart disease [18] . Irrespective of the kind of diet, different healthy eating patterns- Healthy Eating Index-2015; Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score; Healthful Plant-Based Diet Index; and Alternate Healthy Eating Index - were similarly effective at lowering risk across racial and ethnic groups and other subgroups studied, and that they were statistically significantly associated with lower risk of both coronary heart disease and stroke [19] . Thus, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising, adopting a healthy diet, and quitting smoking (if in habit) followed by a healthy sleeping pattern seems to benefit cardiovascular health. Let us move a muscle and eat right, for our heart’s content!

Author: Veena J. Bettadapura, PhD, Senior Manager, Scientific Affairs, Herbalife India

References: 1. Chapter 5-Anatomy and Physiology the of Cardiovascular System. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 35-51. 2. Chapter-5 Cardiovascular System. Pearson Education Inc. 145-184. 3. WHO CVD Risk Chart Working Group. World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions. Lancet Glob Health, 2019. 7(10): p. e1332-e1345. 4. Bhatia;, M., et al., Impending epidemic of cardiovascular diseases among lower socioeconomic groups in India. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 2021. 2(6): p. E314-E315. 5. Tsao, C.W., et al., Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2022. 145(8): p. e153-e639. 6. Prabhakaran, D., P. Jeemon, and A. Roy, Cardiovascular Diseases in India: Current Epidemiology and Future Directions. Circulation, 2016. 133(16): p. 1605-20. 7. Lloyd-Jones, D.M., et al., Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation, 2010. 121(4): p. 586-613. 8. Strasser, T., Reflections on Cardiovascular Diseases. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 1978. 3(3): p. 225-230. 9. Lloyd-Jones, D.M., et al., Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2022. 146(5): p. e18-e43. 10. Canoy, D., et al., Body mass index and incident coronary heart disease in women: a population-based prospective study. BMC Medicine, 2013. 11(1): p. 87. 11. Rimm, E.B., et al., Body size and fat distribution as predictors of coronary heart disease among middle-aged and older US men. Am J Epidemiol, 1995. 141(12): p. 1117-27. 12. Willett, W.C., et al., Weight, weight change, and coronary heart disease in women. Risk within the 'normal' weight range. JAMA, 1995. 273(6): p. 461-5. 13. Chomistek, A.K., et al., Relationship of sedentary behavior and physical activity to incident cardiovascular disease: results from the Women's Health Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2013. 61(23): p. 2346-54. 14. Warren, T.Y., et al., Sedentary behaviors increase risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2010. 42(5): p. 879-85. 15. Anjana, R.M., et al., Physical activity and inactivity patterns in India – results from the ICMR-INDIAB study (Phase-1) [ICMR-INDIAB-5]. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2014. 11(1): p. 26. 16. Yu, E., V.S. Malik, and F.B. Hu, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention by Diet Modification: JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018. 72(8): p. 914-926.

17. Pan, A., et al., Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Advances and Challenges in Population-Based Studies. Cell Metab, 2018. 27(3): p. 489-496. 18. Rastogi, T., et al., Diet and risk of ischemic heart disease in India. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004. 79(4): p. 582-592. 19. Shan, Z., et al., Association Between Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Intern Med, 2020. 180(8): p. 1090-1100.

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